This is a selection of pre-1900 literary fiction classics written by various authors(with GEMs highlighted). The list includes links for several associated items which may be available online for each book: (a) Wikipedia page, (b) e-book, and (c) audiobook. There is also a column called “More info” with links to optional posts on each book.
Note that the list is sortable by each column. (Multiple levels of sorting are possible by sorting more than one column in succession, from lowest to highest.) You can also do an instant filtering of the table by entering a character string in the ‘Search’ field.
There are several different types of books covered in this section: (a) traditional novels, (b) narrative poems, (c) plays, (d) short-story collections, (e) folklore and fables, and (f) children’s stories. The books extend as far back as the Homeric epic poems of ~800 BC, and fiction in its early days generally took the form of poetry, mythology, folklore or plays, most of which were transmitted orally.
By the mid-15th century, Gutenberg had invented the printing press, and a steady stream of books began to be published in volume. One of the earliest published compilations of English folklore is Le Morte d’Arthur, while one of the earliest published plays is Doctor Faustus. The first modern novel Don Quixote (in Spanish) was published in 1605. The first modern English novel was Robinson Crusoe, published in 1719.
By the 19th century, the fiction novel was an established art form. Some of the most popular authors of the time (who mostly wrote adventure novels) were Sir Walter Scott, Alexandre Dumas, Robert Louis Stevenson and Charles Dickens. American authors such as James Fenimore Cooper, Nathaniel Hawthorne and Mark Twain also established themselves during this period. The pre-1900 fiction works listed here represent the best output of a group of incredible authors and can truly be considered classics.
Please share any comments or suggestions on this list by filling out this form. You can use the same form to express interest in becoming a contributor to the site and also request downloadable PDF files for many of the books below.
Note: On mobile devices, swipe left or right for horizontal scrolling.
Year
Author
Category
Book Title
GEM!
Recurring Character(s)
Comments
Wiki page
E-book
Audiobook
More info
-800
Homer
Epic poem
The Iliad
(originally in Ancient Greek)
-800
Homer
Epic Poem
The Odyssey
(originally in Ancient Greek)
1485
Mallory, Sir Thomas
Folklore
Le Morte d'Arthur (in two volumes)
First major compilation of Arthurian lore in English
1592
Marlowe, Christopher
Play
Doctor Faustus
aka The Tragical History of the Life and Death of Doctor Faustus
1605
Cervantes, Miguel de
Novel
Don Quixote
(originally in Spanish)
1719
Defoe, Daniel
Novel
Robinson Crusoe
First ever English novel
1726
Swift, Jonathan
Novel
Gulliver's Travels
1749
Fielding, Henry
Novel
Tom Jones
aka The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling
1759
Voltaire
Novelette
Candide
(originally in French)
1766
Goldsmith, Oliver
Novel
The Vicar of Wakefield
1804
Schiller, Friedrich
Play
William Tell
(originally in German)
1807
Lamb, Charles and Mary
Children's Stories
Tales from Shakespeare
Adaptation of selected Shakespeare plays for children
1810
Porter, Jane
Novel
The Scottish Chiefs
Story of William Wallace
1811
Austen, Jane
Novel
Sense and Sensibility
1812
Wyss, Johann
Novel
The Swiss Family Robinson
(originally in German)
1813
Austen, Jane
Novel
Pride and Prejudice
1817
Scott, Sir Walter
Novel
Rob Roy
1818
Shelley, Mary
Novel
Frankenstein
Subtitled: Or, The Modern Prometheus
1819
Irving, Washington
Short Stories & Essays
The Sketch Book of Geoffrey Crayon, Gent.
Includes Rip Van Winkle & The Legend of Sleepy Hollow
1819
Scott, Sir Walter
Novel
Ivanhoe
1821
Cooper, James Fenimore
Novel
The Spy
First great success in American fiction
1826
Cooper, James Fenimore
Novel
The Last of the Mohicans
Hawkeye (Natty Bumppo)
Subtitled: A Narrative of 1757
1831
Hugo, Victor
Novel
The Hunchback of Notre Dame
(originally in French) aka Notre-Dame de Paris
1834
Bulwer-Lytton, Edward
Novel
The Last Days of Pompeii
1837
Dickens, Charles
Novel
The Pickwick Papers (aka The Posthumous Papers of the Pickwick Club)
Debut novel of Charles Dickens
1837
Hawthorne, Nathaniel
Short Stories
Twice-Told Tales
1838
Dickens, Charles
Novel
Oliver Twist
Subtitled: Or, the Parish Boy's Progress
1839
Dickens, Charles
Novel
Nicholas Nickleby
aka The Life and Adventures of Nicholas Nickleby
1843
Dickens, Charles
Novelette
A Christmas Carol
Subtitled: In Prose, Being a Ghost Story of Christmas
1844
Dumas, Alexandre
Novel
The Three Musketeers
D'Artagnan & the Three Musketeers
(originally in French)
1846
Dumas, Alexandre
Novel
The Count of Monte Cristo
(originally in French)
1847
Brontë, Charlotte
Novel
Jane Eyre
Subtitled: An Autobiography
1847
Brontë, Emily
Novel
Wuthering Heights
1847
Thackeray, William Makepeace
Novel
Vanity Fair
1850
Dickens, Charles
Novel
David Copperfield
aka The Personal History, Adventures, Experience and Observation of David Copperfield
1850
Dumas, Alexandre
Novel
The Black Tulip
(originally in French)
1850
Dumas, Alexandre
Novel
The Man in the Iron Mask
D'Artagnan & the Three Musketeers
(originally in French) Final story in the Three Musketeers series
1850
Hawthorne, Nathaniel
Novel
The Scarlet Letter
1851
Hawthorne, Nathaniel
Novel
The House of the Seven Gables
1851
Melville, Herman
Novel
Moby Dick (or, The Whale)
1852
Stowe, Harriet Beecher
Novel
Uncle Tom's Cabin
1855
Longfellow, Henry Wadsworth
Narrative Poem
The Song of Hiawatha
1856
Flaubert, Gustave
Novel
Madame Bovary
(originally in French) Subtitled: Provincial Manners
1857
Hughes, Thomas
Novel
Tom Brown's School Days
1859
Collins, Wilkie
Novel
The Woman in White
1859
Dickens, Charles
Novel
A Tale of Two Cities
1861
Dickens, Charles
Novel
Great Expectations
1861
Eliot, George
Novel
Silas Marner
Subtitled: The Weaver of Raveloe
1861
Reade, Charles
Novel
The Cloister and the Hearth
1862
Hugo, Victor
Novel
Les Misérables
(originally in French)
1862
Turgenev, Ivan
Novel
Fathers and Sons
(originally in Russian) aka Fathers and Children
1863
Hale, Edward Everett
Short Stories
The Man Without a Country & Other Tales
1864
Verne, Jules
Novel
Alice's Adventures in Wonderland (aka Alice in Wonderland)
(originally in French)
1865
Carroll, Lewis
Children's Novel
Alice's Adventures in Wonderland
aka Alice in Wonderland
1866
Dostoyevsky, Fyodor
Novel
Crime and Punishment
(originally in Russian)
1867
Bulfinch, Thomas
Fables & Myths
Bulfinch's Mythology
1868
Alcott, Louisa May
Novel
Little Women
1868
Collins, Wilkie
Novel
The Moonstone
First English detective novel
1868
Harte, Bret
Short Stories
The Luck of Roaring Camp & Other Sketches
1869
Blackmore, R. D.
Novel
Lorna Doone
Subtitled: A Romance of Exmoor
1869
Dostoyevsky, Fyodor
Novel
The Idiot
(originally in Russian)
1869
Hugo, Victor
Novel
The Man Who Laughs
(originally in French) Subtitled: By Order of the King
1869
Tolstoy, Leo
Novel
War and Peace
(originally in Russian)
1870
Verne, Jules
Novel
Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea
(originally in French)
1871
Carroll, Lewis
Children's Novel
Through the Looking-Glass
Subtitled: And What Alice Found There. Sequel to Alice in Wonderland
1872
Verne, Jules
Novel
Around the World in Eighty Days
(originally in French)
1874
Hardy, Thomas
Novel
Far From the Madding Crowd
Thomas Hardy's first success
1876
Twain, Mark
Novel
The Adventures of Tom Sawyer
Tom Sawyer, Huckleberry Finn
1877
Sewell, Anna
Children's Novel
Black Beauty
Subtitled: His Grooms and Companions, the Autobiography of a Horse
1877
Tolstoy, Leo
Novel
Anna Karenina
(originally in Russian)
1878
Hardy, Thomas
Novel
The Return of the Native
1878
James, Henry
Novelette
Daisy Miller
1880
Dostoyevsky, Fyodor
Novel
The Brothers Karamazov
(originally in Russian)
1880
James, Henry
Novel
Washington Square
Adapted into play/movie The Heiress
1880
Wallace, Lew
Novel
Ben-Hur: A Tale of the Christ
1881
James, Henry
Novel
The Portrait of a Lady
Vol. 2 of e-book also at gutenberg.org
1881
Twain, Mark
Children's Novel
The Prince and the Pauper
1883
Pyle, Howard
Children's Novel
The Merry Adventures of Robin Hood (illustrated)
1883
Stevenson, Robert Louis
Novel
Treasure Island
1885
Haggard, H. Rider
Novel
King Solomon's Mines
1885
Twain, Mark
Novel
The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn
Tom Sawyer, Huckleberry Finn
Sequel to The Adventures of Tom Sawyer
1886
Hardy, Thomas
Novel
The Mayor of Casterbridge
Subtitled: The Life and Death of a Man of Character